Wall garden shed

A total cost of construction, they account for 30 to 43%. The thickness of the walls depends on the material and the construction area.

At the same time, sometimes there are wooden structures, but not carried out anew, and have been in use as houses, demolished in the urban or rural residential areas. Wood has always been considered one of the best materials for the walls in the agricultural building as a good heat insulator, and has exclusive seismic resistance.

Log house on the plot are brought, usually prepared in disassembled form. The tree is usually subjected to decay, especially the lower crowns, which must be replaced with new ones. The new framework operates in oblo "or" paw "depending on how you made an old log cabin. If in the old building was absent from the basement of another material, sometimes quite rotten instead of the lower ranks to arrange the foundation and basement, which makes garden house more durable.

The top of the cap align with cement mortar, which is laid a layer of 10-20 mm horizontally. For this purpose, the two sides strengthen the cap edging or planed board level, to the desired thickness. Prepare a thick cement mortar 1:2 or 1:3, which is placed between the boards and well compacted, leveled and smooth down. This is a good waterproofing, but you can still improve it, this cover 2-3-mm layer of pure cement paste, level and smooth down.

After drying for greater reliability on top of her stack two or three layers of roofing or roofing material. Stack these materials can be dry or mastic: only - on Degteva, roofing material - bitumen with overlapping ends in the joints at each other not less than 100 mm. Waterproofing should hang over the cap to 20-30 mm

To protect okladnogo crown from destruction by them laid lining in the form of board thickness 40-50 mm, width 200-300 mm, which is antiseptic and cover with three sides, except the top and end, mastic asphalt, roofing paper, roofing material.

The lining plank insulating material, it is placed okladny crown, the downside is precisely hewn or ostrogana. The space between the cap and the second logs, located at half the diameter above the first, lay stone or brick.

Bruschatye walls are simpler in design compared with a log. For a garden shed can be used for the exterior walls section bars 100X150 mm 100X180 mm.

In the corners of the boards are connected with the remainder "and" without reserve ". The main ways of cutting boards on the walls: cutting angle vperevyazku with indigenous thorn, the cutting angle poldereva by Nagel and Insert-key, the compound walls of bars on the Nagel; pair of angles on the framework of veneer *.

When performing log piles have one over the other with a gasket between the insulating material. To bond the boards to take the height of round wooden pins with a diameter of 30 mm. When connecting to poldereva outlines risks for cutting wood both along and across, or to cut across and cleavage with podteskoy along. Nagel can connect three or more blocks.

Bars along the band round pins with a diameter of 30 mm, a length of 60-80 mm at a distance of 1 -1.5 m from one another. When the ends of mating boards are on one level, they are joined at the corners of contiguity dowels size 35X50X150 mm. Set bruschaty frame on a foundation similar to a log.

Chopped and bruschatye walls can be faced in 1-1,5 years after assembling planks or flat sheeting. Tees for decorative and enhance protection from the weather can be coated with varnish or oil paint.

Wood frame walls are most common in the construction of summer cottages, as they require much less wood than the walls of the logs or timber, are more economical, and most importantly - they are easier to build.

The framework consists of the following elements: the lower and upper trim the walls, strut stiffness, intermediate posts and crossbars. Bearing skeleton racks put at a distance from 0,5 to 1,5 m, taking into account the location and size of windows and doors. Corner post frame made of a composite boards or planks, and ordinary - from boards 50X100 or 60X120 mm.

Waistrail collected from boards, logs or boards. The corners of the obvjaza should be done directly lock in poldereva. Elements of the frame can be fitted as nails and spikes. To make the frame more rigidity between the uprights on both sides put the plank struts, downcutting them flush with obvjaza. Top rack is placed cantrail, which cut in ceiling beams. Log or bruschatye beams can be replaced by a section of the boards 50X180 or 50X200 mm, set at the edge. On the beam rafter, if provided a gable roof.

Assembled frame sheathe the outside boards 20-25 mm thick, sheeting or other materials, with the inner fibreboard or chipboard. The space frame for insulation filled roller, Slab or bulk materials. To protect the straw slabs from destruction by rodents are recommended to hold for 2 hours at 10% solution of iron sulphate and dry thoroughly.

Backfill can be used slag, pumice, sawdust, sunflower husks, chopped cane, straw, sawdust and other organic materials before backfilling antiseptic and dried. To protect it from rodents in the backfill should be added at least 10% of the volume of the material-lime pushenki and mix thoroughly. Cooked filling is placed in a cage layers of 200-300 mm and thoroughly compacted. To reduce ventilation by the frame between the wheel lay cardboard, thick paper, construction, roofing, roofing material, etc.

Lack of dry fillings - the formation of voids in the sediment. To address this shortcoming, you can add to the backfilling material, making it hard core. If you prepare filling of 85% sawdust, 10% lime-pushenki and 5% gypsum, then a solid filler. When it first stirred slightly damp sawdust with lime and then with plaster and quickly laid in place, carefully utrambovyvaya. The use of such fillings should not be applied vapor barrier material (roofing, roofing material, asphalt).

Effective insulation - Plate 50X50 or 70X70 cm and a thickness of 5 to 10 cm, which can be made directly on the site. For their preparation to 1 part by weight of organic filler take 4 parts of clay dough, 0.3 part of cement, 2-2,5 parts water, or 1.5 parts of powdered kipelki (can pushenki), 0.3 part of cement, 2-2 , 5 parts of water. When using lime paste his number is doubled, and water is reduced. Drying time slabs depends on temperature and applied binder, products with the clay to dry on average 4-5 weeks, with gypsum, lime - 2-3 weeks.

Brick and stone walls are widespread in the construction of cottages. Given the nature of the use of garden shed, brick walls operates at 1 or 1.5 brick exterior and 1/2- 1 - internal and partitions. Brickwork can be massive, solid or hollow with filling voids insulating materials. For warming of the brick wall of plaster on the outside and inside. Summer cottages lightweight masonry used in wall thickness and a half and two bricks.

Lightweight masonry wall - two walls of a thickness of 1 / 2 brick, arranged parallel to each other. Strength and stiffness of such walls give the jumper, spread at a distance of 1 m from each other.

Once the wall is lined to a height of 1,2 m, voids should be filled with concrete, Samani, slag. Fill in the layers not exceeding 15 cm with a thorough compaction. Scoria backfilling sometimes every 50 cm in height is filled with lime or lime-cement mortar.

To increase the strength of lightweight walls suit every 5 horizontal rows of bricks or a diaphragm reinforcing steel 6 mm thick. When it first lay out the wall to a height of 5 rows of masonry, then the space between the walls filled with dry filler or concrete (Samana).

When the device brick masonry diaphragms should put on a solution with lower and upper sides, which provides strength ligament. In applying the reinforcing bars in places of their installation make grooves of width and depth of 3-4 cm in these grooves laid mortar and rods. To protect them from corrosion solution and placed between the masonry. Sequence of laying with the next. Lay out the first row, put rods, filled with a solution and fulfill the five rows of masonry, fill the space between the clutches mortar or other filler, and again placed rods.

Exterior and interior masonry are in kg brick, with some bricks produced inside the wall blows through a stretcher on the length and number two in height. Deaf side walls 2-3 meters connected by solid vertical diaphragms. In seismic zone of the distance between the diaphragms should be reduced to 1 -1.5 m and reinforced masonry.

To prevent freezing should not be used large stones to the entire width of the wall. For masonry, you can use clay, lime, cement and lime, cement-clay mortar. Reinforcement of masonry in seismic conditions required. For a better fastening of masonry and plaster in the wall insert the wire ends that prints out. To improve the insulation properties of masonry from the inside, it can be lined with insulation boards.

The walls of adobe and mud brick in the past, most common in the residential and industrial construction in the village in Kazakhstan. The reason for that - ease of production and availability, the prevalence of building materials used for making adobe and mud brick.

Saman is made from clay, sand and fiber supplements, such as chaff straw, fire and other herbs. To prepare the adobe mass take different proportions of components, depending on the fat content of clay: 2-3 of greasy clay - 1 part sand, and 11 -14 kg of fiber supplements, for 1-2 of a very thick clay - 1 part sand, and 15-18 kg fibrous fillers.

Preparation adobe next. First, mix the clay and sand until smooth, which was added in the form of moistened fibrous additive and mix thoroughly. From this mass manufacture adobe blocks. Their size depends on the thickness of the walls. Thus, when the thickness of the walls of 30 cm, which is quite sufficient for such buildings, the form is possible 30X14, 5X 12 cm to facilitate the removal form should make a cone-shaped (2-3 cm), and in completing its pre-moistened, and the walls of sand or chaff. Depending on the weather dried adobe from 7 to 16 days.

Put a wall in a thick clay mortar or adobe mass with thick seams not exceeding 1 cm of strength in the joints of masonry to a depth of 5 cm is recommended to drive wooden pegs, length 7 cm

To distribute the load under the joists should be put under the plate. Door and window openings are not satisfied with closer 1,5 m from the corner house, and the value of pier - not less than 0,8 m.

Durability adobe entirely dependent on contact with moisture, so the roof must hang at least 60 cm good effect can be facing the outer wall of flat asbestos cement sheets, or device a high plinth of rubble concrete or masonry.

In seismic regions adobe and mud brick in construction is limited here it is better to use as filler in frame houses ^ and if the application itself should be masonry

Cinder block walls are widely used in construction of individual cottages. Walls can be made from specially prepared cinder blocks or solid block can be both solid and filled with insulating liners made of or glinobetona opiloch-Nogo concrete. Block sizes 29H29H44 cm, which provides sufficient wall thickness for a garden shed, and also leads to a reduction in labor costs. For the production units are made of special-ing form insulating liner. Material is wood. The inner surface preferably covered with sheet iron. Shape made from two parts, which then connects. Blocks should be prepared no less than 6 weeks prior to construction. Masonry of these blocks with insulating liners 5-6 times more efficient than heat insulation of solid brick masonry.

Monolithic (bulk) Wall satisfied with the use of shuttering boards. That between the seams do not proceeded laitance, shuttering boards must have a good fit, and if possible better sheathe the iron plate. Formwork is better to make adjustable. Formwork for mounting on both sides of the foundation of a meter rack set, observing the vertical. Between boards of the formwork and props put strips or wedges, which are removed by stripping. Stacked layers of slag concrete with a good seal. Slag concrete with the cement used for 1 hour with the cast - for 4-6 minutes. Formwork release 2-3 days after pouring.

In seismic zone of cinder block walls should be reinforced by inserting a slag concrete steel bars with a diameter of 4-6 mm at the rate of 3.4 bar the width of the wall.

To save material cinder block walls may be hollow. To do this, insert concrete pads that are fixed in the formwork. Liners can be inserted, calculated to remove after hardening solution, and as a constructive element. Last manufactured in the form of tubes of cardboard and paper. Good material for the inserts - cardboard tubes from rolls of newsprint and other papers, which are sometimes sold printing presses. After drying void sleep dry material with a seal.

Walls of opilkobetona and kostrobetona lungs maloteploprovodnye, strong enough and with the right manufacturing, durable protection from moisture. A lot of sawdust, sand and lime paste was mixed well and placed in shuttering layers of 10-15 cm and rams. Formwork should be removed no earlier than 4.2 days after casting.

Under the garret floor joists along the perimeter walls of stacked circuitry of the boards.

Kostrobeton in the absence of the republic flax or hemp almost common.

Zemlebitnye walls can be widely used in the construction of summer cottages. This material is sufficiently durable, rugged, inexpensive and has good thermal properties. So, a 50-centimeter zemlebitnaya brick wall is equivalent to 2 '/ r brick. Thus, the thickness of walls zemlebitnyh for summer cottages is enough no more than 25-30 cm

Zemlebit prepared from different soils, except for vegetation, silt, and fat and lean soil. For oily soil should add up to 50% by volume of a scrawny, chaff, sawdust, reed trifle, and to lean - up to 40% by volume of clay. Adding to the mix of small stones up to 2 cm and organic impurities up to 30% does not reduce the quality zemlebita. To facilitate the soil and reduce its thermal conductivity is advisable to add a straw cutting, floors, fire or needles. To improve the water resistance gruntomassy, it is recommended to add 3% of Portland cement, or 70-90 kg of peat crumbs on 1 m3 of soil. In the application of portland cement zemlebit be used within 1 h after preparation.

Primer for zemlebita if it is suitable, we can take directly on the site for excavation: the device trenches for foundations, cellars, wells and toilets, etc. The suitability of the soil can be determined indirectly: If the deep ruts of roads are not overgrown with grass, walking the roads are not washed away by rain , and the clods do not shatter on the shovel - soil is suitable for zemlebita