Heating summer houses

To heat of summer cottages allowed stoves and fireplaces on solid fuel without water loop. Model projects provide the location of these elements lodge. When placing them in individual projects or in the cottages where they were previously not included, must comply with the main demand - to heat most areas, except for summer. To do this, they are placed in two-buildings so as to heat and the kitchen, from which we can organize a furnace.


For the cottages can be recommended small-sized heating furnace size 64X77 cm, which does not take much space and can be constructed by the gardener.

In addition to small-sized furnace can be used, and others, including the furnace and cooking. In the model houses, which provides heating furnace, the draft indicates the type of stove, catalog, where a construction, the required number of materials.

Many gardeners prefer instead of conventional heating stoves fireplaces. The application of this heating system is also due to simplicity of construction, requiring no special expertise.

The operating principle of the fire is based on the emission of heat from burning fuel and the heated walls of combustion chamber. Fireplace has no loop dymooborotov inherent in a furnace, and hot gases from the firebox go into the chimney directly. Fireplace is not designed to heat accumulation, it has a low heat and warm only when the burning fuel. The advantage of the fireplace in that it begins to give heat immediately and quickly warms the cold room. In addition, a fireplace provides moving air in the room and ventilate the latter. Therefore, in rooms with a fireplace is always fresh air and moisture is formed. In order to fire rapidly warmed and began to radiate heat, its walls are made solid.

Currently, the garden plots fireplaces are not so much for heating, how to decorate the interior summer garden shed. This made it easier to build, and most amateur gardeners themselves to cope with its construction.

As a result, long-term constructive improvement of fireplaces now distinguish the following types of: closed or built into the main walls, half-or adjoined to the wall with an open or free-standing.

The design of the closed fire means that the combustion chamber fireplace and chimney are recessed in an array of walls. The main advantage of him is that he does not take up valuable floor space. In the half-open fireplaces chimneys can be installed inside walls and be adjoined to the wall. Fully open fireplaces aesthetically most expressive and yet easy to manufacture. They are effective and in its functional purpose, as the heat spreads from them in all directions, not one-sided, like a masonry fireplace. At the same time they possess a number of significant drawbacks: their large areas require additional fire protection measures.

In order to increase the heating capacity are currently being developed combined heating systems, including conventional radiation fireplace and heating stove, a fireplace in conjunction with water heating. In this case, the back of the firebox install water heaters type radiator with circulating water heating system.

For gardeners tempting idea to combine the fireplace with a stove, as the oven is effective for direct building heating and fireplace - a means of rapid local heating of a small space for recreation, as well as the interior decoration of the room.

The furnace has a firebox and a chimney, a chimney is attached to it. He also has its own furnace, which can be derived in another room, his (or partially used furnace) flue. The stove and chimney construction in a single array on a single foundation with a common chimney. All this gives a great saving materials and space in the room.

Oven with a fireplace for the garden shed.

The design includes a heating plate open fireplace (dymosbor-nick) - attachment to the plate. Smoke box connects to the pads in the third (last) dymooborota. The furnace is designed for heating the premises of 16-20 meters.

Its heating 900-1100 watts in one fire per day. Since the total mass of the construction of more than 1000 kg, the oven with a fireplace spread on its own foundation.

Each row of masonry pre-picked (deploy), dry (without mortar) with adjustment bricks and then placed on a solution. With red brick masonry pre-soaked in water so that it does not absorb water from a clay solution. Firebrick not soaked, but only rinsed with water from dust.

Smoke box fireplace made of a red copper or brass. It can be manufactured from other materials. Collect it on karkarse of steel parts with or without frame, if sheet metal of sufficient thickness. The upper part of the smoke box is slightly curved for ease of connection to the heating shield. To seal the joint with a chimney used asbestos cord, clay or a mixture of asbestos crumbs with water-based paint EVA-27-A. Basement fire spread from the brick on edge. The front wall of the chimney and the base for decorative purposes can be put out bright yellow fire-resistant brick jointer. Upon completion of masonry work dried at short-burners (small portions of wood). When the furnace oven stove opens one valve at the furnace chimney - the two valves.

Framing the fireplace can and marble slabs and wood with brass frames. Good and an ordinary brick, tile and ceramic tile, rough hewn natural stone. Recently popular anodized metal frame and wrought iron. The casing defines the appearance of the fireplace, as well as shape and size of the flue opening.

Firing hole has a rectangular shape with a height equal to 2/3-3/4 of width (the smaller value refers to the large fireplace, large - a little). _ "

Orifice area of 1 / 45 to 1 / 65 floor area, as well as 8-15 times greater than the cross sectional area chimney.

The depth of combustion chamber should not exceed the height of 1/2-2/3 flue openings. Often unknowingly furnace operates more depth. As a result, much of the fire radiated heat is absorbed by the walls of the furnace and enters the room. In shallow well (too small) furnaces deteriorates the quality of combustion due to excessive cooling of the flame, and they can smoke.

Sometimes the outside of the firebox install barrier grating to firewood or charcoal is not dropping out of the fireplace. To facilitate the kindling fire, and prevent (blowing out) of smoke into the room in windy weather, it is advisable to arrange the moving metal arm on the top or the sides of the flue opening.

In order to avoid accidental releases of hot particles, dehiscent by burning fuel, the neck can be covered (curtains), metal chains.

Useful to have the bottom chamber at a distance of one brick from the floor. This slight elevation of the fireplace gives a feeling of stability, while at its location at floor level under the impression subsidence. In addition to forming the steps it is convenient to sweep away the ashes.

At the bottom of the hearth under the grate can be installed drawer for ash. The front of the box in this case, make a hole or slot through which the air under the grate. To improve the combustion of the rear wall to a height equal to 1/2-1/3 the height of the flue holes, spread vertically, while the above - with a slope so that the inclined surface radiated heat on your feet people sitting before the fire.

Often to the rear of the hearth are fixed iron plate, which protects masonry from overheating, in addition, it quickly absorbs heat and radiates it more intensely. The side wall of combustion chamber spread out with the expansion angle of 20 °, which increases the radiative impact of heat from the walls of the room.

Moved forward in the rear wall of the upper part forms a constriction in the duct, whose depth in the narrow space of 10-20 cm Due to this narrowing of the width of the fuel rod holes increases, which improves the even distribution of gas around the perimeter of the chamber.

Formed in a narrow section of the chimney ledge (so-called "smoke-tooth") plays an important role and has a dual purpose. In the process of firing it delays the sinking of the back (colder) wall of the refrigerated gases, not letting them in the combustion space, as this may lead to the overturning of thrust. Cold gases, the detainees cornice, picked up a hot gas stream flowing from a narrow cross section, formed by the wall of the fireplace and the edge of the tooth and makes in the upstream flue. The second appointment eaves - a collection of fallen soot deposits. In the vicinity of the ledge on the inside of the clean install the door through which to periodically clean the chimney.

In the neck at the level of the flue damper install eave for traction control and off the fire from the chimney. Damper in the chimney have approximately 20 cm above the top of the flue opening, in order to remain fairly high chimney apron, which prevents the ingress of smoke into the room. Flaps suit sliding or pivoting.

Above the damper is made as a tapering pyramid, which gradually transforms into the top of the chimney. Jambeau spread at an angle of 45-60 °, strictly symmetrical, their surface should be smooth. The front wall of the smoke box should rise so that at the junction of a chimney is tightly connected to the side walls. Fireback vertically goes up in smoke.

To eliminate drafts, which arise due to the large quantity of air is delayed due to the premises by burning fireplace, a well-organized proven supply outdoor air for combustion in a special channel, laid under the floor of the room. Blast air enters the furnace through holes in the bottom of the hearth or in the side walls of combustion chamber. With such a supply of air into the furnace reduces air in the room and drafts are eliminated.

Chimney fire is to create thrust sufficient to remove the gases formed in the furnace. The main difference between the fire of the furnace is in a much larger cross section for the access of air into the furnace, which is why the fire sucked into the great mass of air that causes a decrease in temperature in the flue (in comparison with furnaces). Traction force in the fireplace, falling to 1 m high flue gas is lower than in the oven, so to produce thrust by the fireplace chimney height must be greater than that of the furnace. To provide sufficient traction in the operation, it is important that flue gases as it moves to cool down the chimney is minimal. To reduce heat loss walls of the chimney should be thick enough. When placing the chimney in the middle of the room lay out the wall thickness of 1 / 2 brick, and a cold outer wall of the building - in a brick.

The most harmful influence on traction suction of air into the flue through leaks in masonry, as well as through non-performing devices that are attached to a common chimney. Therefore, all leaks should be identified and eliminated. To check for leaks chimney close above and along the bottom of the hole-chistnogo chadyaschimi kindle a fire of wood and roofing. Smoke coming out through leaks, pointing to their location.

The following condition is a normal traction - minimum flow resistance in the chimney. The magnitude of the resistance affects cross-sectional shape, as well as state of the internal surfaces of the chimney. The best form of the section - round, square, and then, finally, rectangular. This is explained by the fact that the right angles gas movement is difficult and moreover they often put off soot. Therefore it is best to use the device chimney asbestos or ceramic pipes. Smoke the same tube because of the difficulty of fitting to a chimney fire is most often spread square.

The interior surfaces of chimneys should be more smooth, without protrusions, for example, as nonchalantly laid bricks, etc., should be avoided tilting chimney, as this turns into the ground there are additional local resistance and lengthens the path of gases. If the turns are inevitable, then allowed their deviation from the vertical 30 °. However, should not unnecessarily increase the cross section of the chimney, as in the ducts with large cross sections of gases are very cool.

According to existing experience of the cross section of the chimney enough from 1 / 10 to 1 / 12, but in more favorable terms - 1 / 15 the size of the flue hole in the world. In all cases, the cross section flue and chimney openings, depending on the height of the final - 4-8, the ratio of the cross section flue and chimney openings with a circular tube - 0.83, and -0.72 for the square.

Headroom above the roof pipe should have a wall thickness of no less than a brick. If the pipe wall then plaster or asbestos cement warmed plates, then allowed to spread headroom thickness of 1 / 2 brick.

Better traction provides a simple well head without completing the eaves and ledges. To get traction in varying weather conditions at the tip of chimneys set windproof insert. In all cases, the headroom chimney above the recommended print area of the wind backwater. Under the rules of fire safety on headroom in the form set iskroulavlivatel cap with a dull cover and wire mesh on the sides with a mesh size not greater than 3 mm.

In a fireplace can burn a different wood: maple, oak, fir, pine, birch, alder and aspen. Maple and oak are solid wood and lit the flame of a long calm. Soft wood burns faster, emitting sparks. Not recommended for very dry wood, because they quickly burn. Better use of wood that had lain in the woodpile or under a canopy in the economic barn. They have the proper humidity and burn slowly.

The highest soot formation gives birch, the best in this regard, especially alder and aspen wood. The latter do not only do not give a black, but also able to burn down the chimney already deposited soot. A good tool for cleaning flues from soot - periodic burning in the hearth of dry potato peelings.

Flame fireplace can be painted. Normal salt gives an intense yellow color, copper chloride - range of colors, in which most strongly expressed in the blue and green. Additives can be directly filled into focus, but it is better to cook one solution and soak the wood before placing them into the fireplace.

Give a pleasant aroma additives wood from dry branches of juniper, cherry, and especially the old apple tree. Logs, chosen for the furnace chimney need not be small, the desired length of 1/2-3/4 the width of the flue opening. You can also use the stumps and roots, they give a flame with a beautiful picture.

Below are some designs of fireplaces.

Fireplace with a direct flue. This type of fireplace best, simple and versatile, it is recommended that those who are going to do it yourself. It can be installed in any garden house. The furnace hearth is done without grate.

Outer surface of the fireplace is not to trowel, and therefore lead to the laying jointing. The firebox is better to lay firebrick, if it is not - selective red. Decorate fireplace polished boards 40-60 mm thick made of oak, ash or pine, stained with aniline dyes. Dimensions fireplaces with direct flue shown in Table 18.

English fireplace with a straight chimney. The design is very simple and easy to use. To improve thermal efficiency in the housing can get cavities (chambers), in which room air is additionally heated by contact with heated walls of the fireplace. Fireplace same trowel, masonry lead with jointing at a thickness of 0,5-0,8 cm Consumption depends on the size of the fireplace.

When computation fireplaces adhere to common rules of the oven works. However, the works have a fireplace and some special features. The solution was used for calculations refractory masonry firebox should be skinny, soft and malleable. To cook it you take a quartz fine sand with grain size less than 1 mm.

Composition of the solution: 1 part clay -1 of sand (for oily clay: 1 part clay -2 parts sand). Glinopeschany solution should be prepared in advance - at least 1-2 days before use. Refractory bricks are placed on a solution without any admixture of refractory clay sand instead of sand added to the solution fireclay powder in a 1:1 ratio. The thickness of the seams should be minimal -3 mm.