The main thing is to keep the water in them was not salty, otherwise the plot gradually zasolyaetsya, yields are falling, and the site in general may be unsuitable for the garden. Therefore, before you decide on the use of water for irrigation from the existing reservoir, need to test the water for harmful salts. Such an analysis can produce a special lab, which determine the suitability of water for drinking purposes.
Irrigation collective garden can be arranged from the pumping station to supply water through pipes, if the site is located near open water sources suitable for irrigation. Pipe-laying increases the cost of irrigation system, but in this case no water loss from evaporation and filtration, saving area on the site, and the water can be submitted at any site, regardless of terrain. When the water supply from open irrigation canals by gravity, the whole system is cheaper, but on evaporation and filtration is lost up to 40% water. Channels occupy up to 15% of land area, they should be cleaned frequently, and on the slopes of destroying weeds.
With an open network, there are several ways to garden irrigation: furrow, bowls or rings, checks. At the gardens most often used for watering bowls. To do this around the trunk or bush make a small indentation in a bowl with a diameter of 1-2 m, and that water does not flow, the edges of the cup poured cushion height of 15-20 cm Fail water on the grooves. The direction of the grooves is depending on the topography plot, placing rows of trees and layout of the site.
Irrigation project area should be performed on the same scale as the layout of the site. For such small areas of suitable scale 1:200, 1:250, which quite clearly give an idea about the site as a whole and at the same time allow for leveling and irrigation based on topography. This project will also avoid extra costs and water consumption, so as not moistened one and not another flooded area. On the project show, where the irrigation canal to the site, and the inner direction of irrigation ditches, taking into account the slope of the plot of one cup to another.
Watered with the open method of the annular furrows. They are made around each tree or shrub at a distance of 1 -1.5 m from the trunk. Water supplied to the grooves, laid in the light gradient and the location of sprinklers. From the ring groove water gradually goes in all directions, which prevents excessive waterlogging and waterlogged soils.
With a slight deviation watering is best to organize the furrows. Temporary irrigation furrows 12-15 cm deep cut between the rows garden at a distance of 70 cm from each other and the weak current is passed over them water. By filtering it permeates the entire soil horizon, without causing waterlogging and related adverse events, such as salinity and waterlogging, which occurs when watering on the cups.
On flat areas is better to use irrigation flooding furrows. Flat area can be created on the territory of bias. It's enough to pave the grooves parallel to the general slope of the site. Furrow suit depth of 18-20 cm and 30-40 cm wide on top fill them with water and maintain a constant level until the soil is moistened to a sufficient depth. Cut furrows just before pouring, so as not to drain the soil. After irrigation furrows immediately zaravnivayut.
In the design of irrigation necessary to proceed from irrigation practices on one hectare garden, and in the future - on the site. Such a calculation is required in determining water needs for irrigation, selection of appropriate pumps at a closed network device or channel cross section. Norma watering depends on many factors: age of the garden, rock composition, nature of soils and water supplies in them, the depth of the roots and the nature of inter-rows, etc.
For a young garden requires less water. The larger the expected yield, which can always be determined by the ovary, the greater the need of water. Apple trees consume more water than stone. On heavy clay soils of the garden should be watered less frequently, but the big rules on light sand - often, but less water. In the presence of crops between rows to make one or two more irrigation than with the content of the soil under the clear steam. During the irrigation land should be wet to the depth of the main mass of roots: the apple - 80-90 cm, cherry, berry-d 60-70 cm in all watering should take into account the level of standing water table, preventing that irrigation water was connected to groundwater containing, as a rule, large amounts of salt. This leads to the salinization of land.
In order to wet the ground at 90 cm, must be given from 600 to 800 m3 of water per 1 hectare, or 8.6 m3 per 100 m2. One cubic meter of water is 80 large buckets (12,5 l). Such irrigation norm is needed for fruiting apple trees for plums - 3 m3, cherries, currants, gooseberries -4 m3 and strawberries -3 m 3 100 m area.
When watering from a well or water with cold water should be the last pre-warm. For this purpose, water filled with different capacities and give the stand. These tanks can be a swimming pool, tank, and various drums. Deliver them better at the highest point on the site that saves you from manually watering. If the plot is smooth and not of the gravity irrigation tanks to organize, arrange a water tank in which water can be supplied from the water hose. This tank is a tank mounted on a height of 3-4 m. Farm for installation of the tank is made of metal pipes and parts or lumber. This four rigidly interconnected racks with decking for the capacity. Abstraction by gravity. However, this construction is very heavy and troublesome to use, unattractive from an aesthetic point of view.
More efficient in the use of design of the six metal barrels, connected by a semi-automatic system of filling and water consumption. Capacity barrels are connected in one system, totaling about 1.5 m3. Automatic filling system for the consumption of water is ensured by the float valve on the flush toilet cistern and overflow pipes connecting the tanks, located on one level. Abstraction of the system is carried out both independently through the drain cocks and force using a vibrating pump
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