They depend on the zone in which is a garden, a relief plot of the buildings and garden crops, planned to grow at the site recommended circuit layout for various reasons, can not satisfy the gardener. In this case, he could draft, using certain rules and guidelines for the rational planning of the site.
Functional zoning is the basis of planning a garden plot, it involves the distribution of land to other uses.
This area of fruit trees and shrubs, garden crops, shopping area, recreation area. This zoning or less followed in practice. You can also select a separate zone of shrubs, berries, decorative floral zone. The latter often takes a variety of areas close to the summer garden house, a recreation area.
Each zone is located, depending on the biological requirements for growth of trees, shrubs and other plants, the rational organization of the site, compliance with sanitary requirements, as well as the interests of neighboring sites.
Location economic zone, which includes a barn, aviary for keeping poultry, rabbits, nutria, toilet, shower and other necessary buildings and structures are chosen in the depth of the site so that it is not visible from the street. The distance from the window garden shed to the toilet should be at least 12 meters and up to premises where found pets - not less than 7 m.
In the economic area is desirable to place the cellar, if it is not stipulated under the house, subject to a break from the premises for poultry and rabbits, 7 m aviary for birds and rabbits must be removed from a neighboring area not closer than 4 pm Other buildings have economic zone at least 1 m from the adjacent plot.
The area under the economic zone can take from 20 to 70 m depending on the nature of usage, as well as farming.
The zone of vegetable crops in the area can take different positions depending on the orientation of the site, its location, placement of other bands. It should be noted that, in the south of the country, this area is located on a small area, so as to occupy territory effectively under the garden of culture, the products are produced in specialized peri-urban vegetable farms and supplied in sufficient quantities in the shops. In horticultural teams located at high elevations of the foothills, some vegetables do not grow on climatic conditions, so here under these cultures assign the minimum area. At the same time in the northern regions of Kazakhstan under vegetable crops can be consumed up to half or more area of the site.
The main requirement for placement of the zone - providing the best light, so when the orientation area to the south under vegetable crops should be given the southern part of the site. You can place the vegetable crops in the northern part of the plot, but in this case the south give under fruit trees, and then place the bush, and then - horticultural crops. Such a tiered deployment reduces the shading of the area.
When the orientation of the site to the north of horticultural crops must be placed at the bottom of the site adjoining the economic zone. When placing the cultures in northern observe layering stands: on the south side to the garden area adjacent to shrubs: gooseberries, currants, raspberries and low-growing, etc. In the eastern or western orientation plots Ogorodnaya zone can occupy both the depth of the site and enter the facade.
Recreation Area on the site occupies a different area, which depends on many factors. However, the minimal size of plot it assign a minimum of territory, although in some cases in view of building a garden shed and employs up to 120 meters. This zone includes such buildings as garden furniture, decorative pool, etc. It can also be introduced ornamental trees and shrubs, rose garden, flower beds. Zone to be adjacent to the summer garden house, whose territory is usually set aside for flower and ornamental crops. Sometimes the flower area lies not only in front of the plot, but takes some areas between the rows of fruit trees, adjacent to the farm zone.
The largest area withdrawn under fruit trees. Their location on the site depends on the placement of the remaining zones. Often the area of fruit trees occupies the entire area, especially in southern areas, where other areas are often among the fruit trees between rows of apple and pear.
Solving the functional zoning of an individual garden plot, you must link it with the functional zoning of adjacent land. Thus, it is desirable neighborhood zones vegetable crops, which will prevent shadowing of neighboring land. Conveniently adjacent to accommodation and business zones. Thus, giving every member of gardening association plan for its land, should indicate its functional zoning. This would streamline not only the general layout of the garden, but also will enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of land use.
Landscaping of the site and the saturation level of its various buildings and trees depends on the individual member of gardening association has been granted the site of his age, employment, addiction. For example, if the site is visited only on weekends, it is clear that the section would not be poultry, rabbit, nutria, bees, etc., may give such members of gardening association and by growing vegetables that require constant care, irrigation, etc . Quite a different approach to planning and organizing the site, if the summer for someone in the family garden house becomes a place of residence. In this case the site can be used intensively: they built up a complete set of buildings, may contain the animals, land of culture, requiring special care.
Planning of the plot depends on its shape, size. Some sections of the rectangular, the other trapezoidal, triangular, or other more complex configurations. Different areas and the width, length, placement of the summer garden house on the site, etc. Depends on planning a garden site, and the relief, especially when it is necessary terracing.
Before you begin drafting a plan of a garden site, you need to determine what to place on its territory. You need to know that we can build on the site, which trees and shrubs, vegetables, flowers, and in what quantities will be planted.
According to current regulations on the garden site can accommodate a heated garden house built-up area to 70 square meters excluding the attic, terrace (porch), and economic structure for the content of rabbits, poultry, household equipment storage. In the recreation area is recommended gazebos, table with benches, open water to 5,0 X5, 0 m, trellis, pergola, sandpit, swing. Unfortunately, neither in the building code, nor in the model statute is not a list of small architectural forms that can be placed on a garden plot. For instance, if you have a car or going to buy it, consider, and its parking area for the size of 3,0 X5, 0 m, depending on how you resolved the issue with water supply at the site could be a pond, water tank - an ordinary drum, tank, the special structure of metal, concrete, possible and well.
To calculate which trees and shrubs to plant on the site come from providing the family with vitamin C at the expense of production garden. Knowing the content of this product in the fruits of different cultures, consumption rate, we can determine land area per person for these crops.
The content of vitamin C in the annual rate of fruit consumption per person, and biochemical composition of fruits and calculate the area under trees and shrubs are listed in Table 3. In this method, we can calculate the number of vegetable crops, the right for the family. Knowing the yield of 1 m2, the need for families in some vegetables, you can determine what area needs to take vegetable crops. In this case, preference should be given to products that suburban households produced in insufficient quantities or not at all done. It can be kind, not zoned for that area.
By its use of an individual garden can be intense, and highly effective, and extensive. The first requires a permanent stay on the site and can be recommended for sites located near the town where you can visit not only on Saturdays and Sundays, but during the week, as well as other areas in permanent residence in the warm season there is someone out family members. Intensive garden is characterized by a high density of plants at the site and making maximum use of space between rows.
The site includes extensive use of mainly fruit and berry trees and shrubs with a minimum employment area for vegetable crops, or their complete absence in some areas. Aisle occupy mainly lawn, perennial flowers. Such plots are typical for members of gardening association, having the opportunity to visit in the area only on weekends. At these sites there are no cages for the animals, beehives, limited set of buildings for the rest.
In the early years in the garden of culture may dominate the garden, shrubs, berry plants, which produce fruit faster than fruit trees. With the growth of fruit trees, the ratio of various plants on the site lead to compliance with the project. In the northern region for the first time a significant part of the site can be occupied by vegetable crops and potatoes, and in the south, depending on the location on the site may prevail melons, strawberries, currants, raspberries and other popular culture.
When growing vegetable crops need to adhere to a particular crop rotation. It may be, for example, vegetable and strawberry crop rotation. Strawberries are usually in one place successfully develops and produces fruit in 5 years. In the crop rotation should be excluded potatoes, tomatoes and beans, which are carriers of Nematodes. For successful cultivation of strawberries can enter vosmigryadochny rotation with the following crop rotation: I fallow; II-V strawberries; VI-VIII-vegetable crops. The beds can be of different sizes, depending on the estimated area under strawberry. The area needed for strawberries, can be divided into four, which gives the size of the beds. When planting strawberries! The distance between the bushes set from 15 to 20 cm between the rows of vines - 40 cm
All areas and individual sites, buildings and facilities linked by a system of pedestrian walkways of varying widths of the coating. Between the garden beds passageways for irrigation may have a width of 30 cm, the track is 50-70 cm is usually home inside track relating the garden house with other zones and areas of the garden. Footpath leading from the entrance to the station to home, may provide a width of 100-120 cm, which allows the passage of an adult and a child beside him.
How much to plant trees and shrubs on the site and what varieties? This question arises in front of amateur gardeners in the first year of development of the site. An exhaustive answer, of course, can be given as a qualification to gardening in the country is very diverse. Thus, in the north, where fruit trees do not give high yields, preferred berry and vegetable crops, although here the main place can take fruit trees, not the garden. In the south (Table 5) are sufficient in the area have 5.7 apples, pears 1.2, 2-3 plums, 4-5 cherries, 2-3 cherries, 10-12 shrubs of black and red currants, gooseberries 5.4, 20-30 - raspberry, strawberry bushes 200-300, 3-5 - buckthorn, 12-15 - grapes. Number of fruit plantations lay in the master plan for the site.
Draw a master plan on a sheet of drawing paper on a scale of 1: 100. For greater clarity, it operates by using applications which have been cut out of colored paper on the same scale. To this end, the plywood glued a piece of paper corresponding to the size of the site. For example, the size of 600 m2 in size 30X20 m enough sheet of paper size 30X40 cm in preparing applications adhere to the following dimensions of planting areas and other elements: the diameter of apple and pear trees - 5 m, cherries and plums - 3 m, and shrubs - up to 1 m. The distance between the bushes 1.5 m or 15 m 10 place of bushes, the breadth of one beds 0,9-1,2 m in length suspended intensive gardening in a series of apple and pear trees - 4 m and between rows - 5-7 m ; the size of areas for parking, depending on the type of 3X5 or 3X6 m m; economic bloc -3,0 X3, 0 m without aviaries and 3,0 X6, 0 m from the aviary; summer shower - 1,2 X2, 0 m, WC - 1,2 X2, 75 m; gazebos - 1,8 X1> 74 m.
The main criterion for designing the site - creating favorable conditions for the growth of garden crops and recreation on the site.
Consider a rough layout of an ordinary rectangular area on flat terrain. Garden House can be located near the street or in the depth plot (Fig. 19). Around him isolated house territory for the rest. It is also the flower bed. Directly to the area adjacent zone of vegetable crops out of ten beds and a greenhouse.
Shopping area is located in the depth of the site and includes a barn, toilet, outside shower, space for compost. It is not visible from the street as closed fruit trees.
Login to the site is decorated with decorative trees. From the street area is fenced with shrubs trimmed, it is decorative, not obscure the site and perform well. Near the house is a children's playground, where there is pergola, a small ornamental pool, swings, sandpit.
In the area of vegetable crops trees and shrubs are not provided. The area of this zone is 100-120 m 2, it is located in the southern part of the plot, so do not be dimmed.
Area of fruit crops is the main part of the plot, mainly depth.
If the section is supposed to plant a vineyard, it should be placed in the most illuminated part of the area between the rows can be placed currant bushes, gooseberries, etc.
This is an example of extensive use of the territory of the site with a clear functional zoning, compliance with established standards and requirements for the placement of fruit plantations and vegetable crops.
Lay-intensive garden differs from the classical maximum use of the extensive territory by thickening of landings on the one hand, and the integration of separate zones - the other. Subject to certain zoning areas such as shopping, leisure, horticultural crops, are placed between rows of fruit crops. The practice of collective gardening provides many examples of highly effective use of the territory of an individual garden plot. Such an example can serve as a lay member of the horticultural section of the Association "Labor-1" Gosagro-promotion of the Kazakh SSR Uglova GA, located in Kaskelen area near Alma-Ata
An area of 960 m2 is situated on a hillside sloping beams and has a drop of about 4 m in connection with what is a terrace with a height difference of 20 cm to 1 m.
On the site is a summer garden house, converted from an inventory of the construction trailer. Vneyshy his appearance changed - summed up the foundation, made gable roof porch was attached to the kitchen, under the house is equipped with a cellar. Cottage is located 5 m from the adjacent area and 3-4 m from the street. Near the house is made of ground for parking cars. In the southern and eastern parts of the site adjacent to the street, located trellis vines that cover the structure of the southern sun and protecting it from overheating. On the west side adjacent rose garden as well as the usual climbing roses. Roses, peonies, daisies, bluebells races * put both near the house, and in other parts of the garden.
Economic zone is reduced north-western section. Here is a barn for storage of fuel, equipment, toilets, composting playground, playground for the storage of mats, props under the boughs of fruit trees and other garden shed is placed below the water tank on 3.0 m2. Here, near a children ploshadka with a sandpit and a bathroom in which a hot day, splashing children.
On the site provides for a system of pedestrian walkways. Home path connecting the garden house with a pergola and economic zone - concrete, the rest - ground. They are subject to the terraces on which there are steps made of wood and soil.
Thus, in the area sustained a clear functional zoning based on topography, location relative to other areas of illumination. However, the main advantage of the garden, for which he was repeatedly recognized as the best - is set and the composition of fruit plantations, their variety and intensity of land use.
Garden area takes up almost the entire area as a relaxation area with gazebo and playground is located in the aisle. There is decorative and floral part of the plot, except for a small rose garden near the house.
Garden area consists of six rows of fruit trees, occupying a small terrace. The bottom three rows spaced 4 m apart, and the top four - 5 m, which corresponds to the aisle intensive orchards. In each row of 7 to 11 apples and pears, depending on the availability of the buildings on the terrace. A total of 41 apple site, 5 pears, 15 cherries, 11 cherries, 11 plums, a hybrid of plums with apricots, peaches, apricots, 26 vines, 7 hybrid bushes of raspberries with blackberries, 22 bush of raspberry, black currant bushes 12, 7 red bushes currant, gooseberry bushes 7, 200, strawberry bushes, 72 bush tomatoes. In addition, at the site housed 52 bush peonies, 30 rose bushes and other flowers such as daisy, tulips, bluebells, lily of the valley and even the Crimean snowdrop, well accustomed to the site. From vegetable crops had room for lettuce, parsley, onion, beans, garlic, as well as for the two lilac bushes, wild cherry.
In order to accommodate only fruit trees and shrubs, according to the norms require a minimum of 1,128 m2. The garden is of 960 m2 for the construction and utility sites is 97.6 m2, a hard surface - 56,6 m2 under ground tracks - 64.3 m2. Thus, the free territory under a variety of fruits and berries, ornamental and vegetable plantation is 741.5 m2 and a half times less than that required by the norm to accommodate the orchard. Taking into account the decorative plantings, flowers and vegetable crops the actual area of almost two times more than the free area of the site.
The whole secret to increase the area of intensive use of space between rows to accommodate shrubs, flowers and vegetable crops. Indeed, in vivo currants, raspberries usually grow under the canopy of trees. Successfully tolerate partial shade garden culture and flowers. Stone placed between the apple trees, taking into account the fact that they are less durable, before beginning to bear fruit, and the first years of development does not compete with apples and pears, arranged in a row at a distance of 5-7 m.
But not only its intensity differs this site. It is interesting experience, experimentally, a variety of grades, not only in the area, as well as individual trees. So, on wildings in 1964 vaccinated Befler Yellow, Lemon winter, Golden superb. On the former Zaili in 1967 and 1981. vaccinated five grades, and the two trees grafted on 7 varieties. Vaccinations can have a variety of grades and receive the harvest faster than in growing plants. There are trees on the site on dwarf rootstock and varieties of cherries, imported from the Crimea, which ripen earlier local varieties.
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